Florida Civics EOC Practice Test

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Who introduced the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances?

John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Montesquieu
Voltaire

The correct answer is: Montesquieu

Montesquieu introduced the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances. This theory suggests that a government should be divided into different branches with separate and distinct powers in order to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. John Locke's theory of the social contract, Thomas Hobbes' theory of absolute monarchy, and Voltaire's ideas on religious tolerance are all important in understanding political philosophy, but they are not directly related to the concept of separation of powers and checks and balances like Montesquieu's theory is. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.